\(a.2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl->MgCl_2+H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=a,n_{Mg}=b\\ 27a+24b=7,5\left(I\right)\\ 1,5a+b=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(II\right)\\ a=0,1;b=0,2\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27\cdot0,1}{7,5}\cdot100\%=36\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=64\%\\ c.m_{HCl}=36,5\left(0,1\cdot3+0,2\cdot2\right)=18,25g\\ d.m_{ddsau}=7,5+\dfrac{18,25}{14,6:100}-0,35\cdot2=131,8g\\ C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{133,5\cdot0,1}{131,8}\cdot100\%=10,1\%\\ C\%\left(MgCl_2\right)=\dfrac{95\cdot0,2}{131,8}\cdot100\%=14,4\%\)

a) nH2 = 6,72 : 22,4 = 0,3 (MOL) 

PTHH:

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

x                         x          x (mol)

Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2

y                          y            y (mol)
ta có 
65x + 24y = 11,3 
x+y=0,3 
=> x = 0,1 (mol) 
=> y = 0,2 (mol)
=> mMg = 0,2 . 24 = 4,8 (G)
=> %mMg = \(\dfrac{4,8}{11,3}\) . 100% = 42,47 % 
=> %mZn = 100% - 42,47% = 57,53 %

Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Zn, Mg

n_H2 =\(\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}\)=0,3 mol

Pt: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

.....x......................................x

....Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

.....y.......................................y

Ta có hệ pt: {65x+24y=11,3

                    x+y=0,3

  ⇔{x=0,1y=0,2

%m_Zn = 0,2×24\

a. PTHH : Mg + 2HCl ➝ MgCl₂ + H₂ (1)

b. theo bài : nH₂ = 3,36 : 22,4 = 0,15 (mol)

theo (1) nMg = nH₂ = 0,15 (mol)

➞ mMg = 0,15 ✖ 24 = 3,6 (g)

➞ %mMg = (3,6 : 5)✖100 = 72%

➞ %mCu = 100% - 72% = 28%

c. theo (1) nHCl = 2nH₂ = 2✖0,15 = 0,3 (mol)

mHCl = 0,3✖36,5 = 10,95(g)

➜mddHCl = (10,95✖100):14,6 = 75(g)

d. dung dịch Y : MgCl₂

mdd_(spư)= 3,6+75-0,3 = 78,3(g)

theo (1) nMgCl₂ = nH₂ = 0,15(mol)

mMgCl₂ = 0,15✖95 = 14,25(g)

C%MgCl₂ = (14,25 : 78,3)✖100 = 18,199%

a)

$Cu + 4HNO_3 \to Cu(NO_3)_2 + 2NO_2 + 2H_2O$
$Ag + 2HNO_3 \to AgNO_3 + NO_2 + H_2O$

b)

Gọi $n_{Cu} = a(mol) ; n_{Ag} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 64a + 108b = 4,52(1)$

$n_{NO_2} =2a + b = 0,07(2)$

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,02 ; b = 0,03

$\%m_{Cu} = \dfrac{0,02.64}{4,52}.100\% = 28,31\%$

$\%m_{Ag} = 71,69\%$

a) PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

X là khí Hidro

b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,2mol\) 

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot27}{8,64}\cdot100\%=62,5\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=37,5\%\)

c) Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}=0,6mol\) 

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{1}=0,6\left(l\right)=600\left(ml\right)\)

a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Mol:      x                                   1,5x

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:     y                                   y

b, Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=11\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27.100\%}{11}=49,09\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=100\%-49,09\%=50,91\%\)

c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{1}\) ⇒ CuO hết, H₂ dư

PTHH: CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O

Mol:      0,2                0,2

\(m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)

Gọi \(m_{Al}=a\left(g\right)\left(0< a< 11\right)\)

\(\rightarrow m_{Fe}=11-a\left(g\right)\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{a}{27}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11-a}{56}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

PTHH:

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(\dfrac{a}{27}\)                                       \(\dfrac{a}{18}\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(\dfrac{11-a}{56}\)                             \(\dfrac{11-a}{56}\)

\(\rightarrow pt:\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{11-a}{56}=0,4\\ \Leftrightarrow m_{Al}=a=5,4\left(g\right)\left(TM\right)\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{11}=49,1\%\\\%m_{Fe}=100\%-49,1\%=50,9\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)

LTL: \(0,2< 0,4\rightarrow\) H₂ dư

\(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)

a. \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8.96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH : 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

              \(\dfrac{0.8}{3}\)                             0,4

             Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl₂ + H₂

\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,8.27}{3}=7,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Fe}=11-7,2=3,8\left(g\right)\)

b. \(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{7.2}{11}.100=65,5\%\)

\(\%m_{Fe}=100\%-65,5\%=34,5\%\)

c. \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{16}{80}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH : H₂ + CuO ----t^o----> Cu + H₂O

                      0,2                  0,2

\(m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8\left(g\right)\)

Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b (mol)

=> 27a + 56b = 11,1 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

            a----------------------->1,5a

           Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

           b------------------------>b

=> 1,5a + b = 0,3 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,1; b = 0,15

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{11,1}.100\%=24,32\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{11,1}.100\%=75,68\end{matrix}\right.\)

Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b (mol)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

            a--------------->a------>1,5a

            Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

             b--------------->b---->b

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,5a+b=0,6\\133,5a+95b=55,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,3.24}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{0,2.27+0,3.24}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\\Mg\end{matrix}\right.+HCl->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AlCl3\\MgCl2\end{matrix}\right.+H2\)

2Al + 3HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2

0,2      0,3                      0,3

Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

0,3      0,6                     0,3

=> mHCl dùng = 0,9 . 36,5 = 32,85 (g)

=> mH2 = 0,6 . 2 = 1,2 (g)

Bảo toàn khối lượng :

=> mX = 55,2 + 1,2 - 32,85 = 23,55 (g)

Ta có :

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=1,2\left(bt-e\right)\\133,5x+95y=55,2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{0,2.27+0,3.24}=42,85\%\\\%mMg=100\%-42,85\%=57,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) 

Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

b)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            0,3<-----------------0,3

=> m_Mg = 0,3.24 = 7,2 (g)

=> m_Ag = 10,4 - 7,2 = 3,2 (g)

c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{10,4}.100\%=69,23\%\\\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{3,2}{10,4}.100\%=30,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)